The Amphibian Crisis

Amphibians - that is frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and the odd caecilians - are disappearing from habitats all around the world at an alarming rate.  We are only now fully grasping the scope of the crisis, but we do know that the earth is facing perhaps the largest mass species extinction period in the history of our planet, comparable only to the disappearance of dinosaurs.

Amphibians are one of the five classes of vertebrate life on earth. In recent years biologists have documented abrupt declines and extinctions of amphibian species.  The phenomenon is dramatic and unprecedented.  Here is what is known about amphibians’ future:

• Almost 1/3 (32%) of the world’s amphibian species are now threatened with extinction; compared to 12% of all bird and 23% of all mammal species.
• Since 1980, at least 122 species appear to have gone extinct.
• Habitat loss is the greatest threat to amphibians, impacting almost 90% of threatened species.
• Environmental pollutants take a heavy toll on amphibian life.
• A rapidly spreading fungal disease, chytridiomycosis, (chytrid) can cause catastrophic mortality in amphibian populations which can quickly result in the extinction of many species.
• Global warming can accelerate the spread of chytrid fungus.

In the face of spreading chytrid contamination experts agree that the only hope of saving some of the more endangered species is to collect animals from remaining wild populations and establish captive breeding programs. We hope to be able to reintroduce them to the wild in the future, if the threats to their survival can be removed.

Since their skin is so sensitive, amphibians have developed a wide variety of skin secretions that kill microbes and viruses. Many of these substances show promise for use in human medicine. For instance- three have demonstrated an ability to inhibit HIV infection and others are effective against cancer.

Frogs and toads also act as exterminators, controlling populations of insects such as mosquitoes, which may carry the deadly West Nile Virus and Malaria. This is not simply an amphibian problem, but a human welfare issue. We need to act quickly to save the amphibians and the ecosystems that support them and provide us with the clean drinking water and clean air that many take for granted.

THE AMPHIBIAN ARK
While habitat conservation is essential; it is not sufficient.  Protected areas alone can not protect amphibians from a growing array of threats; they require zoos to save them from certain extinction. 

There is a global effort among zoos, aquariums and other conservation organizations to rescue wild amphibians before it is too late. We have united in our concerns to form an Amphibian Ark www.amphibianark.org to safe guard as many species as possible while the threats to their wild existence are confronted.

Cheyenne Mountain Zoo has been helping endangered amphibians for many years.  We house, in our off-display Amphibian Propagation Unit, a breeding population of Wyoming toads. The Wyoming toad is extinct in the wild, but has been rescued by zoos and is being repatriated to some of its former habitat in Wyoming.  Cheyenne Mountain Zoo has produced over 1,000 Wyoming toad tadpoles and released them back to the wild.

We also house the Boreal Toad which is threatened in Colorado. We are conducting a long term identification study to help with monitoring the wild populations.

Cheyenne Mountain zoo is sending staff to the AZA’s Amphibian Biology and Management course in 2008 and we will be expanding our capacity in order to take on the captive management and breeding of a third threatened amphibian.

Learn more about the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) 2008 campaign, Year of the Frog, a major conservation effort to address the amphibian extinction crisis! 
 
 
 
 
 

  SAVE THEIR HABITAT

• Create a back yard amphibian habitat, http://www.nwf.org/backyard. 
• Check out Operation Frog Pond: whttp://www.treewalkers.org/projects/OFP.
• Clean up a stream or pond with others who care; so frogs and salamanders will have a healthy home.
• Conserve water, leave more for the amphibians! www.csu.org 
• DON’T POLLUTE
• Don’t use fertilizers, pesticides & weed killers, grow or shop for organic food. http://www.fws.gov/contaminants/Documents/Homeowners_Guide_Frogs.pdf
• Dispose of household hazardous waste safely so you don’t contaminate water http://adm.elpasoco.com/Environmental_Services/Solid_Waste_Management/

  HELP THEM LIVE

• Instead of taking frogs from the wild, watch them in nature and let them continue their important work in the wild.
• Don’t release frog pets to the wild, you could release a disease, instead call the Zoo.
• Sign the online petition to save amphibians, www.amphibianark.org
• Support your zoo’s and other’s efforts by, donate or volunteer.

  LEARN AND SHARE YOUR CONCERN

• Use a field guide to ID  local amphibs & visit a local marsh, pond- http://www.nwf.org/frogwatchusa/
• Invite your zoo to give a presentation to your school or group www.cmzoo.org/zoom.html 
• Learn more and tell 5 friends/family about the amphibian crisis 
• Tell your elected officials that you care (https://forms.house.gov/wyr/welcome)
• Ask local paper/TV news/radio to do a story on the amphibian crisis 
• Ask your school to use amphibian-related curricula: http://www.helpafrog.com/toolkit.htm